When action is required
Unreliable findings, serious ethical breaches, plagiarism, or compromised review may warrant retraction. An expression of concern may be appropriate while a substantial question remains unresolved. Editors assess evidence and allow an author response where feasible.
A transparent notice
A notice identifies the affected article, reasons, date, and who is issuing the notice. Link the notice and article in both directions. Clearly mark the HTML and PDF while preserving access to the record except where removal is necessary for a specific justified reason. Update metadata and notify relevant preservation and indexing services.